Jon Chase

THE FIGHT for NEWTON CORNER

In the spring of 1980, a developer purchased property beside the Massachusetts Turnpike at Newton Corner and announced plans to demolish five turn-of-the-century buildings. In their place was proposed a high-rise development that would include offices, retail businesses, and a combinbation of market-rate and subsidized apartments. Commonly known as the Nonantum Block, the old buildings were home to a small but tightly knit neighborhood of 125 people and 21 corner stores.  

Set in the midst of affluent Newton, the community at Newton Corner seemed like a relic from a bygone era, and the clash of values and lifestyle with the larger city around it became a public fight, fueled by the prospect of development. In the end, the community's failure to address its differences resulted in the downfall of both the proposed development and the Nonantum Block. 

Here are the personal accounts of people torn between tradition and change, between old neighborhood ties and a city's need for revenue and affordable housing. If the sentiments strike a familiar chord, it is because they express enduring, still unresolved divisions in American cities. Newton Corner is only a small part of the greater Boston area, but its story of development and conflict is being repeated in metropolitan communities across the country. 

The following photos and text are excerpted from the book The Fight for Newton Corner by Jon Chase. Originally funded by a grant from the Mass. Foundation for the Humanities, the book subsequently won the author a Mass. Artists Foundation Fellowship.  

Several people made valuable contributions to the book: Louise Dunlap, lecturer in writing at Tufts University; John Grady, Professor of Sociology at Wheaton College; Robert Hollister, Professor of Urban and Environmental Policy at Tufts University; Roz Gerstein, designer and photo editor; and Kent Jacobson, Mass. Foundation for the Humanities. 

The Fight for Newton Corner has been included in the curriculum at both of Newton's high schools as well as in the Sociology Department at Wheaton College. Copies may be purchased by contacting the author. 

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  • The centerpiece Nonantum Block building at Newton Corner, at Exit 17 of the Mass. Pike.
  • {quote}The parking lot is 'the backyard' to everybody. Cars come in very slow because people know the children are playing there. And the kids are safe because all the neighbors are looking out as they pass by. You have to go by your neighbor's door to get anywhere, so you get to meet just about everyone in the building.{quote}Karen Henderson, tenant and single mother
  • Bobby Comeau, owner of Bobby's Fruit, with his right-hand man, ninety-year old Louis Picariello. {quote}Working here keeps me active, keeps my legs moving. At home, I'd just sit and nap, or smoke my cigar. Here at the store, everybody knows my name. And working with Bobby...he's like a grandson. You know, I enjoy it more here  than at home. But don't tell my wife!{quote}Louis Picariello
  • {quote}People call these buildings an eyesore, but that's like looking at a dirty window. All you have to do is wash it. You take the stairs out back here; they're all iron. The sashes on the windows...they're just as straight as the day they were put in. And you won't find cords in these windows, but brass chains. You don't see that kind of workmanship today.{quote}Will Bowles, tenant and postal worker
  • {quote}Now you take the donut shop. You go in at night, and there isn't a sign in the window that says it's open, but you know it is. About a dozen cops know; the newspaper delivery truck knows; the guys from the highway crews and the milkman know it's open. {quote}You're just going in like they are, to get a cup of coffee, to get warmed up, and maybe have a few words. You don't always know everybody's name, but just being there, it's like you're part of the group.{quote}Will Bowles, postal worker and resident
  • {quote}Newton Corner is dying, and it needs to be changed. The proposed development won't have the quality of the old Victorians, but it will bring pride in the community. It will bring business to an area that drastically needs it. And aesthetically, more than anything else, it will really do something. Newton Corner is very sorrowful the way it is.{quote}Eleanor Samuels, homeowner from across the Mass. Pike and PTA president
  • When the Mass. Pike followed the railroad tracks through Newton in the 1960s, it split Newton Corner in half. Now there were two distinct communities divided by hundreds of feet of sunken highway. The south side was generally professional and Protestant; the north was mostly blue-collar and Catholic, with a large Italian population. While class distinctions have begun to diminish in recent years as more professionals move into the north side, the working-class Nonantum Block remained isolated from both the south side and the increasingly affluent city around it.Most people in Newton were oblivious to the community in the old buildings, for it was a community far different from their own. Middle-class homeowners didn't hang out at the corner store or on the back stoop; they drove to market or to their social engagements. To them, a backyard meant grass and privacy, not an asphalt parking lot where kids playing ball had to watch out for incoming cars. At odds were two very different communities, each with their own values and way of life.
  • {quote}In those old buildings you have corner stores, junk shops, and the place is generally dirty. Newton Corner is the entrance to the Garden City; it is very important that this be the crown of Newton.{quote}Mayor Theodore Mann, pictured at the  inaugural ball for his fourth consecutive term as mayor.
  • {quote}People in Newton bitch about our laundry hanging out back. I love it. The kids' pajamas and the billowing sheets, all the colors in the sun...I love seeing a huge pulley with diapers across the yard, or a line of bleached T-shirts, and you know the husband's probably a laborer.{quote}Linda Finucane Bell, tenant and single parent
  • {quote}Our clientele includes a high proportion of the elderly. Some we see only in fair weather, or when their friends can take them out. I had a woman call today asking for some antique yellow satin curtains. She terms herself a shut-in, and wanted to be sure we had the material before sending someone down for samples.{quote}Michael Barnett, owner of Barnett's Fabrics
  • {quote}We had a men's suit store open a few years ago at Newton Corner. What in the world did they expect to do with a men's suit shop? Nobody dresses up at Newton Corner; all you see is people wearing work clothes and overalls. Well, the place didn't last six months. {quote}They say they're going to make the city more attractive, but we don't need it more attractive. We like it the way it is.{quote}Elizabeth Eloise Dyer, nearby Newton Corner resident and retired stenographer
  • {quote}We always celebrate the holidays at Mac's and do something special whenever an employee has a birthday. There was Joey's bellydancer -- there must have been fifty people watching her in the middle of the store, and one little old lady has to get her milk. She can't get to the counter, and everybody is watching the woman do her dance. And the old lady is pushing the bellydancer aside, asking Joey to wait on her...it's his birthday! {quote}Joey got the Bellygram, I got the Chickenman, Franny got the male stripper, Janet got the balloon guy, Barbara got the tap dancer, and Terry got her limousine. And Joey also got the gorilla with the pie in the face.{quote}John Murtaugh, Mac's Smoke Shop employee
  • {quote}The McDonalds are a deaf mute brother and sister in my building. Frances thinks of me as a daughter; she comes over and kisses and hugs my kids. I run errands for her, and sometimes I make phone calls for her brother John. If I hear a fire engine nearby, I go bang on their door to make sure they know what's going on. I guess they can feel the vibrations.{quote}Karen Henderson, tenant and single parent
  • Tenant John McDonald with his 1923 pass to the Newton Opera House, where he worked for forty-four years until it was demolished.
  • In the spring of 1980 the Druker Company of Boston purchased the Nonantum Block and unveiled plans for the most ambitious development Newton had ever seen. The project would vary in height from eight to twelve stories, with one building exclusively for the elderly. It would include office space, ground floor retail, 109 market-rate apartments, 223 subsidized apartments, and over 600 parking spaces in two garages.Many city officials and residents were elated. Coming at a time of service cutbacks and school closings, the development would provide nearly ten times the tax revenue of the old buildings. In addition, subsidized apartments were in demand from Newton's elderly and low-income residents, many of whom had been waiting years for public housing. In a city known for its liberal politics and high quality services, the proposal had considerable appeal.
  • Susan Beamish in her apartment.Those most affected by Druker's development, the people of the Nonantum Block, were outraged. Despite the promise of federal relocation money, residential tenants would have to find housing for an estimated two years of construction, then compete with other Boston area residents for the high-rise subsidized apartments. And whether they returned to Newton Corner or not, their neighborhod would be destroyed.For commercial tenants the outlook was also bleak. An economic study found that rents in the new building would escalate four to six times over current rates, and few, if any, of the existing businesses could afford to return. The message to local merchants was clear: corner stores like Mac's Smoke Shop and Bobby's Fruit were not the kind of upscale businesses envisioned for a revitalized Newton Corner.
  • Resident Jim Cooke, actor, with his triplets on the fire escape outside his apartment.{quote}It's always unspoken, that if anyone needs anything, people are there. Like when my neighbor went back to work at night after being divorced, her kids slept over at our house three times a week. I'd get them up and off to school in the morning...that went on for at least a year. You've got the best of communal living, but you have your own space, and you can always close the door.{quote}Linda Finucane Bell, tenant and single parent
  • {quote}Newton Corner is not an artificial community. When an apartment becomes empty, people notify their friends, and a community is built that way, by friends of friends. But in this new development, the housing is being designed by a panel of outside experts. Relocation for two years, and then you come back to someone else's idea of what our neighborhood is? That's what you do with children, when you're trying to teach them to be like sheep.{quote}Katy Lehman, artist and Newton Corner tenantNewton's Planning Department began presiding over meetings between Ronald Druker and the Newton Corner Neighborhood Association in order to address concern over the development's impact. But from the beginning, negotiations proceeded in an atmosphere of mutual distrust. After a year, little was resolved, and negotiations broke off. Because the proposal exceeded the city's height limit of four stories, Druker needed approval for a zoning variance. Rather than try for accomodation, each side felt it could win the battle at City Hall, where the fate of Druker's proposal would be decided by a vote of the Newton Board of Aldermen. If his mixed-use proposal were defeated, Druker promised to build a four-story office complex for which he needed no approval.
  • Ultimately, the issue of scale was crucial to the controversy. As the Board of Aldermen continued hearings through the summer of 1981, battle lines hardened between those who agonized over the city's need for affordable housing -- whatever the height and density of the development -- and those who saw Druker's high-rise as the first death knell for Newton's villages. Tenants lobbied against the proposal, convinced that Druker's fall-back option of building office space was a bluff to force approval of his much larger mixed-use development. When the aldermen finally voted on August 10, 1981, they denied Druker the necessary zoning variance.Tenants briefly rejoiced, convinced they had won their fight against development. But Druker decided to exercise his option to build ofice space, and eviction notices for tenants of the Nonantum block began arriving shortly after Christmas of 1981.
  • Poignant memo scrawled on a wall for the demolition crew after a neighborhood farewell party.
  • Weaver Kim Teirlynck and sculptor Tom Linville on moving day, after being served with an eviction notice.{quote}You don't expect to lose your home; it's just not something you're brought up to anticipate. Having my building destroyed, the place where I raised my children...that's probably the most awful thing that's happened in my life. Two years later, I'm still adjusting. It's like being set adrift, I guess. It makes you realize how vulnerable you are, and it's really frightening.{quote}Linda Finucane Bell, tenant and single parent
  • Demolition is underway on one of the five buildings that comprised the neighborhood at Newton Corner.
  • {quote}Those buildings will never happen again. That's  a part of my life that is gone. It's as if someone cut off my arm. Five generations of my family lived in those buildings, and now none of us live near each other. Not only is my family gone, but all my closest friends as well.{quote}A lot of people took whatever they could from the buildings when they left. But to me, it was home. I had too much respect and love for the building to deface it. And when i saw people taking the doorknobs and fixtures and mantlepieces, it made me sad, because they were taking a part of me.{quote}Karen Henderson, tenant and single parent
  • Kids watch demolition of one of the five buildings at Newton Corner, after a suspicious fire gutted the vacated structure over Labor Day weekend.{quote}I still get so emotional, after all these years, that I really don't like to talk about this. What bothers me about the fire and makes me sick to my stomach, was the reaction of people watching. It was so crowded and people were so anxious to see the fire, it was like a big show. Everyone was jammed together, just to get near it, and people were yelling, 'Burn! Burn!'{quote}As it burned and the firemen began smashing the windows, people started to applaud. All of a sudden the building looked like it was getting bigger and bigger, like a mountain. Then the windows started to snap. It was like an anger, an out-and-out anger, and the building was in a rage. As huge as the flames were, the building was refusing to go quietly.{quote}Something sacred was being destroyed, and it had to do with the creators of the building, the architects and artists who built it. I had a very glorious, moving feeling as I watched the building burn; it was like seeing a sacred mountain.{quote}Pat Bowles, tenant
  • {quote}When I saw my old neighbor Mrs. Cassidy the other day, she started crying. I think just the thought of seeing someone she knew...She and her husband are living in Newton, but it's not in this area, and she's lost. At Newton Corner, if things weren't going well for her, she'd tap on the pipes, and I'd come up and talk with her.{quote}Now I heard the expression the politicians were using, that people wanted to stay in the buildings for 'sentimental' reasons, but it's much more than that. It's their roots. Mr Cassidy is Newton Corner. He grew up here, he worked here all his life, yet he's not here today.{quote}Pat Bowles, tenant, pictured on moving day.
  • {quote}Once you get into a community like Newton, there's a tendency to close the door, pull up the sidewalk, and not let anyone else in. And it's not just Newton, it's most of our suburban communities. In a way our city is going to become stagnant, because people cannot afford to live here unless they were born here or are very wealthy.{quote}Matthew Jefferson, Newton alderman and retired master electrician
  • Traffic passes in front of One Newton Place, the new home of Cahners Publishing Co. and the Rainbow Restaurant at Exit 17 of the Mass. Pike, formerly the site of the Nonantum Block building.{quote}I'm not sure the village tradition is an appropriate one to hang onto. Newton Corner is in effect a depot for people commuting to work, and we're dealing with a market that's passing us by, almost a transient market.{quote}The guy driving his BMW to work doesn't want to meet you; he wants to be able to park, get his service, and see you later. He's not going to develop that village relationship. That sense of community is really a part-time project for people working their Monday to Friday week. Time is very valuable today, and convenience is the key to Newton Corner.{quote}John Harris, owner of Rainbow Restaurant, One Newton Place
  • Tenant Susan Beamish on her back porch.{quote}You miss the backyard, and the people looking down from the porches. Twenty-five years from now, people won't even remember the old Newton Corner. They're eliminating everything that was here. The brass doorknobs, the old silver cash registers, the name of the store set in tiles on the sidewalk...these things will never come back. Now it's just slabs of concrete, with people hurrying in and out, and they keep the line moving. I don't know whether the cost of this new development -- not cost money-wise, but cost heart-wise -- is going to be worth it.{quote}Sal Raguso, former owner of Mac's Smoke Shop.
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